Short notes on Salivary Gland Disease

1.can be classified into:-
i)acquired -tumour - benign or malignant
-infection
-inflammation
-calculi
-drugs
-systemic disease
ii)congenital
2.benign tumour of salivary gland
i)pleomorphic adenoma
-most common benign tumour
-forms 90% of benign parotid tumours
-equal sex incidence
-peak age incidence in the 5th decade
-histologically contains epithelial and mesodermal element, mixed cell tumour
ii)warthin's tumour (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
-found only in the parotid
-common in male
-peak occur in 7th decade
-clinically soft, cystic and often fluctuate
iii)oncocytoma
-a.k.a oxyphil-cell adenoma
-arises from oncocytes derived from intralobular ducts or acini
-seen most in minor salivary gland
-common in elderly males
3.malignant tumour of salivary gland
i)adenoid cystic carcinoma
-commonest malignant tumour
-common in minor salivary gland
-6th decade and equal sex incidence
-may presents with painful mass with or without facial palsy
-low lymph nodes metastases
-60-80% of 5-year survival rate
ii)adenocarcinoma
-forms 3% of parotid tumour
-forms 10% of submandibular and minor salivary gland tumour
-equal sex incidence
-common in children
-3 basic histological patterns-tubular,papillary and undifferentiated(most agressive)
iii)squamous cell carcinoma
-rare in salivary gland
-common in males, in 7th decade
-rapid growth,pain,facial paralysis,skin fixation and ulceration
-high lymph nodes metastases
iv)malignant pleomorphic adenoma
-carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma
-commonest in parotid
4.variable tumours
-mucoepidermoid-malignant
-acinic cell tumour
-rare tumours-hemangioma
-lymphangioma
-sarcoma
-lipoma
-metastatic carcinoma -especially from scalp or facial skin melanoma
5.inflammation or autoimmune
-sjogren's syndrome -primary sjogren syndrome -sicca syndrome
-xerostomia and xerophtalmia
-high risk turn to malignant
-secondary sjogren syndrom-xerostomia
-xeropthalmia
-connective tissue dis-rheumatoid artritis
-kimura disease
6.infection
-mumps
-echo or coxsackie virus
-parotitis -immunocompromised, dehydration
-tuberculosis
7.calculi
-sialectasis - progressive destruction of the alveoli and parenchyma of gland followed duct stenosis and cyst formation
-sialodenitis -inflammation of duct of gland
-sialolithiasis - calculi in duct of gland
8.drug-induced
-thiouracil
-phenylbutazone
-isoprenaline
-dextropropoxyphene
-paracetamol
-high oestrogen contraceptive pills
9.systemic disease
-myxoedema.diabetes mellitus,cushing's disease,bulimia,gout,alcoholism,hepatic cirrhosis
10.investigation
-plain xray -submandibular stones are nearly always radiopaque
-parotid stones are almost always radiotranslucent
-ct scan -to look extension (ie; deep or superficial lobe of parotid)
-sialography -not much used
-FNAC-fine needle aspiration cytology
11.differential diagnosis
-hypertrophic masseter
-winged mandible(first arch syndrome)
-dental cyst
-branchial cyst
-myxoma of masseter
-neuroma of the facial nerve
-facial vein thrombosis
-temporal artery aneurysm
-lipoma
-lymphangioma
-mandibulat tumour
-mastoiditis
-lymphadenitis of the preauricular nose
-sebaceous cyst
12.treatment -according to the disease
-superficial or total parotidectomy
-excision of submandibular gland
-sialogram-removal of stone
-incision and drainage
-intravenous antibiotic

Bahana Fitnah Wanita

1.Presiden IMF iaitu Strauss-Khann akhirnya melepaskan jawatannya sebagai presiden tabung bank dunia setelah didakwa dalam serangan seksual keatas seorang wanita pekerja hotel baru-baru ini.
2.Dahulunya,bekas presiden Amerika syarikat, Bill Clinton juga tewas dalam pilihanraya presiden gara-gara pernah dikaitkan dengan hubungan sulit bersama seorang wanita.
3.Beberapa bulan dulu, atlit golf terkemuka dunia, Tiger Woods juga terpalit dengan hubungan sulit dengan beberapa orang wanita yang memusnahkan rumahtangga beliau serta menjatuhkan karier beliau sebagai pemain golf yang disegani dunia.
4.Di dalam negara kita juga pernah digegarkan dengan skandal seks dikalangan ahli politik, atlit dan artis. Islam juga mengajar umatnya supaya berhati-hati dengan fitnah wanita. Muamalat islam telah menyediakan garis panduan cara-cara hubungan dengan sesama manusia samada sesama atau berlainan jantina.

Selamat Hari Guru

1.Tanggal 16 Mei kembali lagi, seluruh negara menyambut sambutan Hari Guru. Terima kasih untuk semua warga pendidik.
2.Pendidik merupakan tunjang utama untuk pembentukan masyarakat, membina modal insan untuk sesebuah negara.
3.Kerjaya sebagai pendidik tidak boleh lagi dipandang sebagai pilihan kedua untuk pelajar yang ingin menyambung pelajaran di peringkat pengajian tinggi.
4.Pendidik adlah suatu tugas yang mulia yang dipandang tinggi oleh agama. Rasul S.W.T juga merupakan seorang pendidik yang mengajar dan berdakwah kepada umat baginda.
5.Penghormatan yang tinggi perlu diberi kepada warga pendidik walau sekecil mana ilmu yang dicurahkan kepada kita

Nurses Day

1)12 May every year is a Nurses Day. In January 1974, the decision was made to celebrate the day on 12 May as it is the anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale, who is widely considered the founder of modern nursing.
2)Profession of nurses was popular among females but nowadays there are also male nurses worlwide as well as our country.
3)A nurses work as to help and assist a doctor in treating a patient, some of nurses they depend on orders of a doctors. In other hand, there are nurses who can do things without orders from a doctors.
4)The best nurse is who can do things in proper way according to condition of a patient, circumstances and who is not really depends on a doctors. Although nurses have to follow orders by a doctors, but they have to know all a basic of medical procedures which can help in better treatment for a patients
5)Happy Nurses Day..

Liga Bolasepak Inggeris

1.Sekali lagi Manchester United (MU) berjaya menjadi juara English Premiere League (EPL) 2010/2011 sambil menambah koleksi kejuaraan mereka yang ke-19. Musuh-musuh tradisi seperti Chelsea, Arsenal, Liverpool sekali lagi terpaksa akur dan berputih mata dengan kehebatan pasukan anak didik Sir Alex Ferguson.
2.Kelab- kelab seteru utama MU berputih mata lagi untuk musim ini walaupun dengan kekayaan yang dimiliki oleh Roman Abramovich yang membiayai Chelsea, dengan pembelian pemain-pemain yang handal seperti Fernando Torres, David Luiz ataupun seperti pasukan yang baru meningkat naik yang dibiayai oleh jutawan Arab iaitu kelab Manchester City yang telah banyak melabur untuk pembelian beberapa nama besar seperti Tevez, Yaya Toure dan ramai lagi.
3.Perlawanan bolasepak dalam Liga Inggeris bagaikan sudah menjadi rutin untuk sesetengah peminat fanatik bolasepak untuk mengikuti perlawanan mereka setiap minggu. EPL menjadi kegilaan peminat-peminat bolasepak bukan sahaja di England bahkan di seluruh dunia. peminat bolasepak di Malaysia juga tidak terkecuali sehingga ada yang menubuhkan Fan Club untuk kelab-kelab bolasepak inggeris ini. Mereka juga sanggup berbelanja untuk membeli jersi kebanggaan pasukan mereka atau cenderahati yang melambangkan kelab itu, malahan ada yang sanggup bersengkang mata pada waktu malam menonton perlawanan bolasepak di kaca televisyen di rumah atau di kedai-kedai makan.
4.Tinggal beberapa perlawanan sahaja lagi untuk mengakhiri musim EPL ini, bagi peminat yang fanatik mungkin ada yang gembira kerana pasukan mereka menang, ada juga peminat yang kecewa dan sedih dengan kekalahan pasukan mereka. Selepas ini, kelab-kelab ini akan berehat panjang sebelum memulakan musin EPL yang baru, tetapi mereka akan sibuk untuk menyediakan dan memperkemaskan lagi pasukan mereka untuk musim yang akan datang. Maka, pegawai-pegawai kelab akan sibuk dengan urusan pembelian pemain-pemain baru.
5.Walaupun musim EPL tamat, peminat-peminat yang setia masih akan mengikuti perkembangan pasukan pilihan mereka melalui internet atau media massa yang lain. Berita-berita mengenai gosip perpindahan pemain juga boleh menjadi perbincangan hangat antara peminat-peminat bolasepak ini.
6.Selamat berehat EPL, semoga berjumpa lagi di musim akan datang...

Death of Osama bin Laden

1.On September 11 in 2001,2 hijacked aeroplane crushed and demolished World Trade Center in New York City of America just in few hours.On that morning, resources from America stated that 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both towers collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others.
2.Since then, president of America George W. Bush announced a war against Al-Qaeda terrorist group which lead by Osama bin Laden. In other hand, there were no strong evidence that suggested Al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden were the one who have to be responsible to the incident. United states of America with their alliance Britain and others start to invade Afghanistan(Taliban) and Iraq(Saddam regime) as a reason as a war for terrorism.
3.After nearly 10 years of a war against terrorism, a current President of United States of America, the first black American president Barrack Obama, on 1 may 2011, he announced that the death of long-hunting Osama bin Laden on the raid and firefight with US forces in city of Pakistan.
4.A few groups of people of American gathered near a White House celebrated the death of Osama on that day. A mix response from leaders of other countries includes Muslim countries. Some said that, the death of Osama is not the end of terrorism. As President Barrack Obama also did not convinced that there was an end of terrorism after the death of Osama.
5.I like to quote what Tuan Guru Nik Abd Aziz said in a response of the death of Osama, he said that he will pray that Allah shows mercy and forgiveness to Osama bin Laden if it is true that he was killed by United States troops. The PAS spritual leader and The Kelantan mentri besar said that no matter how much wrong the al-Qaeda leader has done, asking forgiveness for a fellow Muslim was required in Islam.“If Osama bin Laden was truly killed by United States soldiers as announced by President Barack Obama yesterday, then as a Muslim I pray the mercy and forgiveness of Allah be shown to Osama bin Laden who is a fellow Muslim,”